Welcome to AUS-e-TUTE |
| AUS-e-TUTE is a science education website being developed by experienced science teachers to provide students and teachers with high quality, relevant, teaching and learning resources.
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A summary of the types of resources available, and who has access to them is shown below:
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Links to AUS-e-TUTE Tutorial Topics for Non-Members
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| The links here are for the use of Non-members.
AUS-e-TUTE Members should log-in and use the links to tutorials in the Members Only area.
The links are arranged under the headings:
- Introduction to Chemistry (includes stoichiometry, practical skills, etc)
- Organic (carbon) Chemistry (nomenclature, structure, reactions, properties)
- Biochemistry (Biological Chemistry) (structures, reactions)
- Inorganic (non-carbon) Chemistry (Periodic Table, transition metals, solid state)
- Physical Chemistry (includes atomic structure, bonding, solutions, acids/bases, etc)
- Analytical Chemistry (volumetric, chromatography, spectroscopy, electrophoresis)
- Environmental Chemistry (various case studies)
- Industrial Chemistry (various case studies, includes polymers and nanotechnology)
- Medicinal Chemistry (various case studies of drugs and pharmaceuticals)
- Metallurgy (reactions, extraction and refinement of metals)
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Introduction to Chemistry |
| Problem Solving Skills |
| Problem Solving in Chemistry
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| Practical Skills |
| Safety in the Laboratory
Scientific Method
Variables
Experimental Design
Writing Laboratory Reports
Plotting Points on a Graph
Drawing the Line of Best Fit
Predictions from Graphs (extrapolation & interpolation)
Accuracy and Precision
Experimental Errors
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| Maths for Chemistry Students |
| Significant Figures
Scientific (exponential) Notation
Temperature Conversions
Mass Conversions
Volume Conversions
Energy Conversions
Density Calculations
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| Classification of Matter |
| Pure Substances and Mixtures
Elements and Compounds
Allotropes
History of the Elements
Metals and Non-Metals
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| Chemical Reactions |
| Physical and Chemical Changes
Types of Chemical Reactions
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| Chemical Formula |
| Naming Ionic Compounds
Writing Ionic Formula
Name and Formula of Covalent Compounds
Molecular Formula
Empirical and Molecular Formula
Empirical Formula Experiment: Magnesium Oxide
2-Dimensional (full display) Structural Formula
Condensed Structural Formula (semi-structural formula)
Skeletal Formula
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| Chemical Equations |
| Balancing Chemical Equations
Writing Precipitation Reaction Equations
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| Stoichiometry (Chemical Calculations) |
| Relative Molecular Mass (Formula Weight)
Calculating Percentage (Percent) Composition
Definitions of a Mole
Mole-Number of Particle Calculations
Mass-Mole Calculations
Molar Gas Volume Calculations
Molarity of Solutions
Dilution Calculations
Dilution Factor
Reaction Calculations: Mass and Moles
Limiting Reagents and Reactants in Excess
Yield
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Organic (Carbon) Chemistry |
| Nomenclature (Naming) |
| Introduction to IUPAC Naming for Organic Compounds
Introduction to Functional Groups
Hydrocarbon Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Alkanes
Branched-Chain Alkanes
Straight-Chain Alkenes
Straight-Chain Alkynes
Aldehyde Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Alkanals
Ketone Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Alkanones
Alcohol Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Alkanols
Branched-Chain Alkanols
Straight-Chain Alkanediols
Classification of Alkanols (alcohols)
Haloalkane (alkyl halide) Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Haloalkanes (alkyl halides)
Carboxylic acids Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Alkanoic Acids
Esters Nomenclature
Simple Esters
Amine Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Primary Alkanamines
Amide Nomenclature
Straight-Chain Primary Alkanamides
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| Isomers |
| Structural (Constitutional) Isomers
Structural Isomers of Alkanes
Structural Isomers of Alkenes
Structural Isomers of Haloalkanes
Cis-Trans (Geometric Isomers)
cis-trans (Geometric) Isomers of Alkenes
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| Reactions |
| Combustion of Hydrocarbons
Halogenation of Hydrocarbons
Hydrohalogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Hydration of Alkenes to Alkanols (alcohols)
Oxidation of Alkenes
Combustion of Alcohols (alkanols)
Oxidation of Alkanols (alcohols)
Dehydration of Alkanols (alcohols)
Preparation and Naming of Esters (Esterification)
Substitution Reactions of Haloalkanes (alkyl halides)
Polymers and Polymerization
Addition Polymerisation
Polythene (polyethylene)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Polystyrene
Condensation Polymerisation
Polyesters
Polyamides (Nylons)
Reaction Schemes for Organic Chemistry
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| Properties and Uses |
| Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkanols (alcohols)
Carboxylic (alkanoic) Acids
Amines
Ethene (ethylene)
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| Aromatic Compounds |
| Benzene Structure
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Biochemistry (Biological Chemistry) |
| Biomolecules
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Lipids (fats and oils)
Amino Acids
Proteins
Enzymes
DNA
Reactions
Fermentation
Reducing & Non-reducing Sugars
Applications
Chemistry of Blood
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Inorganic Chemistry (Chemistry of Elements other than Carbon) |
| Periodic Table |
| History of the Periodic Table
Introduction to the Modern Periodic Table
s,p,d,f Blocks of the Periodic Table
Trends in Electron Configuration
Trends in Ionization Energy
Trends in Atomic Radius
Trends in Electronegativity
Trends in Properties of Oxides
Trends in Group 1 (IA)
Trends in Group 2 (IIA)
Trends in Group 17 (VIIA)
Trends in Period 2
Trends in Period 3
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| Transition Metal Chemistry |
| Transition Metal Properties
Ligands and Complex Ions
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| Solid-State Chemistry |
| Silicates: Structure and Formula
Zeolites
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Physical Chemistry |
| Nuclear Chemistry |
| Atomic Structure |
| Brief History of Atomic Theory
Bohr Model of the Atom
Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
Electron Configuration
Quantum Numbers
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| Evidence for Electronic Configuration |
| First Ionization Energy
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| Isotopes
Isotopes
Mass Defect
Isotope Stability (introduction)
Nuclear Binding Energy
Properties and Uses of Radiation and Isotopes
Relative Atomic Mass
Mass Spectroscopy (isotopes)
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| Nuclear Decay
Nuclear Decay
Half-Life Definitions and Calculations
Applications of Isotopes and Radiation
Uses of Carbon-14 for Dating
Uses of radioisotopes in Smoke Detectors
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| Bonding |
| Lewis Structures (electron dot diagrams)
Coordinate Covalent Bonds (dative bonds)
Shapes of Molecules (VSEPR)
Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
Molecule Polarity
Intramolecular Forces
Metallic Bonding
Ionic Bonding
Covalent Bonding
Intermolecular Forces
Melting and Boiling Point
Solubility
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| Gas Laws |
| Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Gas Volumes
Avogadro's Principle
Boyle's Law (Mariotte's Law)
Charles' Law
Combined Gas Equation
Ideal Gas Law
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
Graham's Laws of Effusion and Diffusion
Henry's Laws (gas solubility)
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| Thermochemistry (Energy) |
| Theory
Defining Enthalpy Change
Energy Profiles (diagrams)
Manipulating Enthalpy Change Terms
Hess's Law (Additivity of Heats of Reaction)
Heat (Enthalpy) of Formation and Reaction
Bond Energy and Heat of Reaction
Latent Heat (Enthalpy)
Heat Capacity Calculations
Heat (Enthalpy) of Combustion
Reaction Calorimetry (solutions)
Heat (Enthalpy) of Reaction
Heat (Enthalpy) of Solution
Heat (Enthalpy) of Neutralisation
Calorimetry (electrical)
Calorimetry
Applications
Fuel Definitions
Biodiesel
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| Chemical Kinetics |
| Rate of Reaction
Kinetic Energy (Maxwell-Boltzman) Distribution
Using Rate Law
Determining Rate Law
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| Electrochemistry |
| Concepts
Oxidation and Reduction Concepts
Oxidation Numbers (States)
Writing half-equations (for simple ions)
Writing half-equations (for aqueous solutions)
Redox Reaction Concepts
Writing Redox Equations
Eo: oxidation & reduction
Eo: redox reactions
Spontaneous vs Non-spontaneous Redox Reactions
Electrolyte Strength
Quantity of Electricity (charge) Calculations
Electrical Energy Calculations
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| Applications
Displacement Reactions (activity series)
Voltaic (Galvanic) Cells
Galvanic Cell Diagrams
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| Corrosion
Batteries
Lead-Acid Batteries
Fuel Cells
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| Electrolytic Cell Concepts
Electrolysis of Molten Salts
Electrolysis of Aqueous Salt Solutions
Electroplating Concepts
Faraday Laws of Electrolysis
also see Metallurgy and Industrial Chemistry sections below
Advanced Electrochemistry
Nernst Equation
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| Equilibrium |
| Theory
Equilibrium Concepts
Le Chatelier's Principle
Solubility & Le Chatelier's Principle
Mass-Action Expression (Q)
Law of Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibrium Constants (K)
R.I.C.E. (I.C.E.) Tables and K Calculations
K and Extent of Reaction
K and Temperature
K and Reverse Reactions
K and Stoichiometry
Ion Product for Water (Kw)
Acid Dissociation Constants (Ka)
Base Dissociation Constants (Kb)
Solubility Products (Ksp)
KP and Kc
Q vs K : predicting direction of reaction
Applications
Chemistry of Blood
Uses and Production of Ammonia (Haber Process)
Manufacture and Uses of Sulfuric Acid
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| Acids and Bases |
| Acid and Base Concepts |
| Properties of Acids and Bases
Definitions and Properties of Acids and Bases
pH Scale Concepts
pH Calculations for acids
[H+] Calculations for acids
pOH Concepts
pOH Calculations for bases
[OH-] Calculations for bases
Strength of Acids
pH of Strong Acids
Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Strong Acids
Hydroxide Ion Concentration of Strong Acids
pOH of Strong Acids
Weak Acids (Ka)
Strength of Bases
pOH of Strong Bases
Hydroxide Ion Concentration of Strong Bases
pH of Strong Bases
Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Strong Bases
Weak Bases (Kb)
Polyprotic Weak Acid Concepts
Polyprotic Strong Acid Concepts
Strength of Conjugate Acids and Bases
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| Acid and Base Reactions |
| Neutralisation Reactions
Acidic, Basic, Neutral Aqueous Solutions
pH of Aqueous Salt Solutions
Proton Transfer Reactions
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| Applications |
| Buffer Concepts
(see also Acid-Base Titrations, Volumetric Analysis, below)
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| Solutions |
| Concentration of Solutions
Solutions Concepts
Molarity
Mass Fraction and Mass Percent (w/w)
Weight/Volume Percentage (w/v)
Parts per Million (ppm)
Mole Fraction and Mole Percent
Molality
Weight Ratio Percentage
Properties of Solutions
Colligative Properties
Raoult's Law
Freezing Point Depression & Boiling Point Elevation
Osmotic Pressure
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| Surface Chemistry |
| Surface Tension
Wetting
Capillary Action
Soaps and Saponification
Synthetic Detergents
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Analytical Chemistry |
| Gas Tests |
| Gas Preparation and Tests
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| Gravimetric Analysis |
| Solubility Rules
Precipitation Reaction Equations
Solubility Products (Ksp)
Gravimetric Analysis
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| Volumetric Analysis (Titrations) |
| Standard Solutions
Titration Techniques
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| Acid - Base Titrations (direct titrations)
Acid Base Titration Calculations
Acid Base Titration Curves (graphs)
Strong Monoprotic Acid - Strong Base Titration Curve Calculations
Strong Diprotic Acid - Strong Base Titration Curve Calculations
Indicators for Acid Base Titrations
Indicator End Point
Acetic Acid Concentration in Vinegar by Direct Titration
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| Back Titrations (indirect titrations) |
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Back Titration Calculations
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| REDOX Titrations |
| REDOX Titration Calculations
Ethanol REDOX Titrations (Wine or Beer Analysis)
Hypochlorite REDOX Titrations (Bleach Analysis)
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| Complexometric Titrations |
| Total Hardness in Hard Water
Calcium Ion Concentration in Hard Water
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| Instrumental Techniques |
| Chromatography Overview
Paper Chromatography
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Gas Chromatography (GC or GLC)
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Electrophoresis
Spectroscopy Overview
Flame Tests
Emission (Atomic) Spectroscopy
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
UV-Visible Spectroscopy
Determination of Structure
Infrared Spectroscopy
Mass Spectroscopy (isotopes)
Mass Spectroscopy (structural identification)
1H NMR Spectroscopy
13C NMR Spectroscopy
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Environmental Chemistry |
| Atmosphere |
| Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Ozone Layer and Ozone Depletion
Photochemical Smog
Greenhouse Gases and Effect
Acid Rain
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| Water |
| Analysis of Water
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Industrial Chemistry |
| Green Chemistry Principles
Atom Economy (Atom Utilisation)
Uses and Production of Ammonia (Haber Process)
Uses and Production of Sulfuric Acid (Contact Process)
Uses and Production of Sodium Carbonate (Solvay Process)
Uses and Production of Sodium Hydroxide (Electrolytic Processes)
Production of Ethene (ethylene)
Polymers
Polymers and Polymerization
Addition Polymerisation
Production of Polythene (polyethylene)
Production of Polvinyl chloride (PVC)
Polystyrene
Condensation Polymerisation
Polyesters
Production of Polyamides (nylons)
Nanotechnology
Nanoparticles and Nanotechnology Introduction
Graphene and Fullerenes
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Medicinal Chemistry (Drugs and Pharmaceuticals) |
| Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Ibuprofen
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Metallurgy |
| Reactions Involving Metals
Metal + Water
Metal + Non-oxidizing Acid
Metal + Oxygen
Activity Series
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| Extracting Metals
Metal Extraction Concepts
Smelting Oxides
Carbon Reduction Method
Smelting Sulfides
Copper Sulfides
Electrolytic Extraction
Copper : Electrowinning
Aluminium Production : Hall-Heroult Cell
Sodium Production : Down's Cell
Refining Metals
Electrorefining
Alloys
Binary Alloys
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